PERBEDAAN KADAR MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) PASIEN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) PADA PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK DI RSUD GERUNG

Linda Irma Septiana; Sahrun; Shinta Wulandhari; IGP Winangun

doi:10.59003/nhj.v2i12.847

Authors

Linda Irma Septiana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
Sahrun Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
Shinta Wulandhari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
IGP Winangun Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59003/nhj.v2i12.847

Keywords:

Smoker Status, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Malondiadehyde (MDA)

Abstract

Pneumonia is an inflammation that occurs in the lung parenchyma, distal to the terminal bronchioles which include the respiratory bronchioles and is accompanied by consolidation in the lung tissue. In 2021, pneumonia will become the first most lung health problem in West Lombok. The risk factor for CAP is smoking. This study aims to differentiate MDA levels of CAP patients in smokers and non-smokers at Patut Patju Gerung General Hospital, West Lombok. This study used a retrospective method with a case control study design using medical record measuring instruments. A total of 42 research samples were carried out using a purposive sampling technique in community pneumonia patients (CAP) at Patut Patuh Patju Gerung Hospital, West Lombok from data from May to July 2022. Bivariate analysis was tested using the mann-whitney. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the 42 samples found that the most respondents were those with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which increased by 25 people with a percentage (59.5%). Based on the analysis of the data obtained from the 21 sample cases, it was found that the majority of respondents were those with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which increased by 15 people with a percentage (71.42%). While the control sample found that respondents with low MDA values had the same number of respondents who had increased MDA values by a total of 10 people with a percentage (47.6%). It was found that the P-Value was 0.564 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that there was no difference in MDA levels between smokers and non-smokers in the case group and the control group. Statistically, there was no difference in MDA levels between smokers and non-smokers in both the case group and the control group, but at the Patut Patuh Patju Gerung Regional General Hospital, West Lombok.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agusti, A., & MD, C. (2017). Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung A Guide for Health Care Professionals.

Agusti, & Sri, R. (2020). Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Pneumonia Komunitas di RSUD DR Pringadi Kota Medan Tahun 2020. 151–156.

Almirall, J., Blanquer, J., & Bello, S. (2014). Community-acquired pneumonia among smokers. Archivos de Bronconeumologia, 50(6), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2013.11.016

Almirall, J., Bolíbar, I., Serra-Prat, M., Roig, J., Hospital, I., Carandell, E., Agustí, M., Ayuso, P., Estela, A., & Torres, A. (2015). New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study. The European Respiratory Journal, 31(6), 1274–1284. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00095807

Amos, L. B. (2018). Cough. Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis, 15-38.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-39956-2.00002-9

Angelis, N., Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Kioumis, I., Papaiwannou, A., Pitsiou, G., Tsakiridis, K., Mpakas, A., Arikas, S., Tsiouda, T., Katsikogiannis, N., Kougioumtzi, I., Machairiotis, N., Argyriou, M., Kessisis, G., & Zarogoulidis, K. (2014). Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S167–S172. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.07

B, Antariksa ANL, AK, S., A, G., Hasan BY, T., & B, Drastyawan Al, E. (2011). Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan. Revisi pertama. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia.

Birben, E., Sahiner, Murat, U., Sackesen, C., Erzurum, S., & Kalayci, O. (2012). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense. January, 9–19.

Brodier, A, E., Raithatha, Meera, Kannan, Santhana, Karunasekara, & Niroshini. (2020). Use of nebulised N-acetylcysteine as a life-saving mucolytic in intensive care: A case report. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 21(4), 296–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143719870089

Cotran, R. S., Kumar, I., & L.Robbins, S. (2007). Robbins Buku ajar Patologi Volume 2 Edisi 7. http://lib.fkik.untad.ac.id:80/index.php?p=show_detail&id=942

Dahlan, Z. (2014). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam (S. Setiati (ed.); Edisi VI). Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam.

Etik, K., Dan, P., Kesehatan, P., Kesehatan, K., & Indonesia, R. (2017). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Harliansyah,dkk.2018.penentuan kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada perokok dan bukan perokok usia 26-35. Fakultas kedokteran Universitas YARSI: Jakarta.

Ibrahim, H., Perl, A., Smith, D., Lewis, T., Kon, Z., Goldenberg, R., Yarta, K., Staniloae, C., & Williams, M. (2020). Therapeutic blockade of inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection with intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 219, 108544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108544

Khairani, F. (2013). ( CAT ) Dengan Rasio FEV 1 / FVC Pada Pasien.

Lanks, C. W. (2019). Community Acquired Pneumonia anda Hospital Acquired Pneumonia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2018.12.008

Leung, J. M., & Sin, D. D. (2017). Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic targets. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 358, j3772. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3772

Li, X., Wei, X., Chen, C., Zhang, Z., Liu, D., Hei, Z., & Yao, W. (2018). N-Acetylcysteine inhalation improves pulmonary function in patients received liver transplantation. Bioscience Reports, 38(5), BSR20180858. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180858

Mani, C. S. (2018). Acute Pneumonia and Its Complications. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases., 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323- 40181-4.00034-7.

Mandell, L. A. (2015). Community-acquired pneumonia: An overview. Postgraduate Medicine, 127(6), 607–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2015.1074030

Mattew, Brian.2018. Perbedaan Kadar Malondialdehida Pada Subyek Bukan Perokok, Perokok Ringan Dan Sedang-Berat. Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro. Vol 5, No 4.

Monita, O., Yani, F. F., & Lestari, Y. (2015). Profil Pasien Pneumonia Komunitas di Bagian Anak RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 4(1), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v4i1.225.

Müllerova, H., Chigbo, C., Hagan, G. W., Woodhead, M. A., Miravitlles, M., Davis, K. J., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2012). The natural history of community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients: a population database analysis. Respiratory Medicine, 106(8), 1124–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2012.04.008

Nuryadi, Astuti, T. D., Utami, E. S., & Budiantara, M. (2017). Buku ajar dasar-dasar statistik penelitian.

PDPI. (2003a). ( ppok ) 1973 - 2003. 1973–2003.

PDPI. (2003b). Pneumonia komuniti 1973 - 2003. Pneumonia Komuniti (Pedoman Diagnosis Dan Penatalaksanaan), 6.

PDPI. (2019). Press Release “ Penghimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia ( PDPI ) Outbreak Pneumonia di Tiongkok. 19, 19–22.

Rehm, J., Kilian, C., Ferreira-Borges, C., Jernigan, D., Monteiro, M., Parry, C. D. H., Sanchez, Z. M., & Manthey, J. (2020). Alcohol use in times of the COVID 19: Implications for monitoring and policy. Drug and Alcohol Review, 39(4), 301–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13074

Rosita, R. (2010). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2010.

Sakamoto, S., Muramatsu, Y., Satoh, K., Ishida, F., Kikuchi, N., Sano, G., Sugino, K., Isobe, K., Takai, Y., & Homma, S. (2015). Effectiveness of combined therapy with pirfenidone and inhaled N-acetylcysteine for advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case-control study. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 20(3), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12477

Santun et al,2018. Efek Antioksidan Jamur Tiram Putih pada Kadar Malondialdehid dan Kepadatan Permukaan Sel Paru Tikus yang Terpapar Asap Rokok. Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin

Sari, E., Rumende, F., Martin, C., & Harimurti, K. (2016). Factors Related to Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly Faktor – Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Diagnosis Pneumonia pada Pasien Usia Lanjut. 3(4), 183–192.

Sari, M. A., Raveinal, R., & Noverial, N. (2018). Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia Komunitas pada Geriatri Berdasarkan Skor CURB-65 di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2016. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i1.786

Sariyanto, I., & Heriyansyah, H. (2017). Perbedaan Kadar Trigliserida pada Perokok Aktif dan Perokok Pasif di RT 06 dan RT 08 Lingkungan II Kelurahan Gunung Mas Kecamatan Teluk Betung Selatan. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 6(2), 606. https://doi.org/10.26630/jak.v6i2.791

Setiyoargo, A., Marbun, R., Maxelly, R. O., Studi, P., & Informasi, D. M. (2022). Pelatihan Dalam Penggunaan Informed Concent Pada Fasilitas Pelayanan. 7–14.

Simonetti, A. F., Viasus, D., Garcia-Vidal, C., & Carratalà, J. (2014). Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 2(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936113518041

Simou, E., Britton, J., & Leonardi-bee, J. (2018). Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia : a systematic review and meta-analysis. August 2009, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022344

Steel, H. C., Cockeran, R., Anderson, R., & Feldman, C. (2013). Overview of community-acquired pneumonia and the role of inflammatory mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease. Mediators of Inflammation, 2013, 490346. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/490346

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D.

Suryadinata, R. V. (2018). Pengaruh Radikal Bebas Terhadap Proses Inflamasi pada Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK). Amerta Nutrition, 2(4), 317. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v2i4.2018.317-324

Susanto, Dwi, A., Djajalaksana, S., Librianty, N., & Samoedra, E. (2017). Buku Ajar Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi ( muhammad amin menaldi rasmin, anwar jusuf (ed.); buku 1). universitas indonesia.

Taruna Y. Stimulasi otak pada kelompok lansia di komunitas. Gambaran kesehatan lanjut usia di Indonesia [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2014 Jan 28]:1(1):19. Avalaible from: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI.

Toblli, J. E., Cao, G., Giani, J. F., Dominici, F. P., & Angerosa, M. (2017). Markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in lung tissue of rats exposed to different intravenous iron compounds. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 11, 2251–2263. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S132612

Tommy,Wiowo.2017. Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin. Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin:Jakarta.

Tommy, Saputra.2020.Gambaran kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dalam urin perokok dan bukan perokok pada mahsiswa FKIK Uin Syarif Hidayatullah: Jakarta.

Torres, A., Peetermans, W. E., Viegi, G., & Blasi, F. (2013). Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Thorax, 68(11), 1057–1065. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204282

Zhang, Q., Ju, Y., Ma, Y., & Wang, T. (2018). N-acetylcysteine improves oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with community acquired pneumonia: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 97(45), e13087–e13087. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013087